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Black Belt – A project team leader trained in the methodology and Tools of Six Sigma. Generally, a Quality resource specializing in process improvement projects (benefit $250K per annum) on a full time basis as both a project leader and as a mentor to Green Belts. Certification usually entails the completion of Six Sigma and change leadership training, passing a certification exam and completing two Black Belt level projects to the satisfaction of a certification committee.

 

Champion – A business leader who facilitates the implementation and deployment of Six Sigma methodologies. On the project level, responsible for removing any organizational barriers confronting Six Sigma project changes.

DFSS – An acronym for the creation of a process or product employing Six Sigma: Designed For Six Sigma. It is a structured process to create a new process that will operate at Six Sigma. Also see DMADV.

DMADV – An acronym for the five phases of a Six Sigma project: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design and Verify. A less common application of the Six Sigma methodology employed when a new process needs to e created or, an existing process is so badly broken that it needs to be re-invented. Sometimes referred to as DFSS.

DMAIC – An acronym for the five phases of a Six Sigma project: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. The most common application of the Six Sigma methodology employed when an existing process needs to be improved.

 

Green Belt – A full-time employee of a business who leads more focused Six Sigma projects in addition to their daily job responsibilities. Green Belt projects are generally completed in 3-6 months and generate returns of $50,000 and up. Certification requirements include completing Six Sigma training, passing a certification exam and completing at least one Green Belt level project to the satisfaction of a certification committee.

 

Histogram – A graphical representation of the variation displayed by a population during a period of time. More formally, it is a frequency distribution showing how data is distributed along the abscissa or horizontal axis of the graph. Histogram Example

 

Master Black Belt – An expert in the tools, methodologies and application of Six Sigma at both project and strategic levels in the business. Oftentimes, utilized as trainers for Green and Black Belts as well as strategic liaisons to executive leaders. Certification generally requires completion of Six Sigma and change leadership training, passing a certification exam and mentoring 20 Green Belts through project completion or completing one Master Black Belt level project (benefit $1MM per annum) and mentoring 10 Green Belts.

 

Process Capability – A measure of how well a given process is functioning. It is dependant on a calculation of the total probability of defect reflected through short-term variation. Generally expressed:

ZST=6 or sST=6 which means the total probability of defect is 3.4 defects per million opportunities over the short term.

 

Run Chart – Also called a line graph, it displays variation over time. Run charts can be instrumental in identifying causes of variation through the display of trends, runs, oscillation and mixtures. In other words, a run chart can be used to understand whether your data is stable over time. Run Chart Example

 

Sigma – A Greek letter in upper case S, in lower case s. The lower case symbol “s” denotes standard deviation, a measure of variation used extensively in Six Sigma. Also used to express process capability, “We are running at 2s”.

 

Six Sigma – A process improvement methodology created by Mikel Harry and Richard Schroeder at Motorola in the early 1980's. The approach employs a rigorous project methodology, which utilizes statistical analysis to identify root causes. As a process measure, it means 3.4 defects per million opportunities.

Variation – A quantifiable difference between individual measurements. Every repeatable process exhibits variation. When present in a normal distribution it is measured using standard deviation and can be displayed in a number of ways, see a histogram for variation during a period of time and a run chart for variation over time.

 

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